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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{incomplete}}{{Infobox officeholder
{{Short description|Right of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender in Somalia}}
| name              = Hasan Çakar
{{also|LGBT rights in Somaliland}}
| image             = [[File:Blank portrait, male (rectangular).png|150px]]
{{Infobox LGBT rights
| office            = [[Naib-i-Şehinşah]]
|location_header = Somalia
| status            = <!--If this is specified, overrides Incumbent.-->
|image = Somali Civil War (2009-present).svg
| term_start        = 26 April 2020
|caption = '''[[Somalia]]'''<br /><small>(See [[Somali Civil War (2009–present)]])</small>
| predecessor        = [[Deñiz]] <small>(as [[Shahanshah of Hasanistan|Shahanshah]])</small>
|legal_status = Illegal: Islamic [[Sharia]] Law is applied <br />([[Federal Republic of Somalia]])
| order2            = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
|penalty = Up to death in some parts of the country<ref name="noorali">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/06/2013630131245411453.html|title=Gay Somali refugees face death threats|author=Noor Ali}}</ref>
| office2            = [[Prime Minister of Hasanistan]]
|gender_identity_expression = No
| term_start2        = 24 April 2020
|recognition_of_relationships = No recognition of same-sex unions
| predecessor2      = [[Chase Nanatovich]]
|adoption = No
| term_start3        = 25 November 2019
|military = No
| term_end3          = 20 April 2020
|discrimination_protections = No
| monarch3          = [[Deñiz]] <small>(until 25 April 2020)</small>
| predecessor3      = [[Shady Morsi]]
| successor3        = [[Chase Nanatovich]]
| nationality    = [[Hasanistan|Hasanistani]]
| party          = [[People's Unity Party]]<br>{{Collapsible list
| title = Former affiliations:
| [[Independent politics in Hasanistan|Independent]] <small>(2011–13, 2018–19)</small>
| [[Idealist Party of Hasanistan|Idealist Party]] <small>(2016)</small>
| [[Unity Alliance]] <small>(2018)</small>
}}
}}
| known_for      = Founder of [[Hasanistan]]
| website        = [http://hasancakar.blogspot.com/ Personal blog]
| allegiance      = {{flag|Hasanistan}}
| battles        = [[2017 Hasani coup d'état attempt]]
| module          = {{Infobox football biography
| embed          = yes
| position      = [[wikipedia:Utility player|Utility player]]<br><small>(preferred [[wikipedia:Defensive midfielder|defensive midfielder]])</small>
| years1        = 2013–2015
| clubs1        = [[South Hasanistan (football team)|South Hasanistan]]
| caps1          = 6
| goals1        = 67
| totalcaps      = 6
| totalgoals    = 67
}}
}}'''Hasan Çakar'''{{#tag:ref|Alternatively spelt as '''Hasan Cakar''' or '''Hasan Chakar'''.|group=note}} is a [[Hasani people|Hasani]] politician, writer, athlete and the founder of [[Hasanistan]], having served as [[Head of state of Hasanistan|head of state]] and [[Head of government of Hasanistan|head of government of Hasanistan]] numerous times throughout its history. He currently holds office as [[Naib-i-Şehinşah]] (''Regent of the Shahanshah''), [[Prime Minister of Hasanistan]], General Secretary of the [[People's Unity Party]] and head of the [[Hasanistani Turanic Society]].


'''Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender''' ('''LGBT''') persons in [[Somalia]] face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Being LGBT is highly illegal in Somalia;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somalia LGBT Laws|url=https://pridelegal.com/somalia-lgbt-laws/|access-date=2020-11-30|website=Pride Legal|language=en-US}}</ref> same-sex sexual activity is punishable by up to death in areas controlled by [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabab]] as well as in [[Jubaland]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sarrubba|first=Stefania|last2=News|first2=Gay Star|title=Death penalties if you're gay|url=http://thecentralvoice.com/stories/death-penalties-if-youre-gay,2246|access-date=2020-11-30|website=The Central Voice|language=en}}</ref> LGBT persons are regularly prosecuted by the government<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somalia {{!}} Human Dignity Trust|url=https://www.humandignitytrust.org./country-profile/somalia/|access-date=2021-03-31|website=www.humandignitytrust.org.|language=en}}</ref> and additionally face stigmatization among the broader population.
In addition to his involvement in Hasanistan, Çakar has been involved in various other [[wikipedia:Micronation|micronations]] including [[konmalehth:Abelden|Abelden]], [[microwiki:Akebar|Akebar]], [[mahuset:Mahuset|Mahuset]], [[microwiki:Nedland|Nedland]] and [[Empire of Pavlov|Pavlov]].


== Legality of same-sex sexual activity ==
==Offices held==
=== Italian East Africa ===
In 1940, Italy [[Italian conquest of British Somaliland|conquered British Somaliland]] and annexed it into the [[Italian East Africa]]. While Italy didn't have sodomy laws since 1890, the Fascist regime still punished homosexuals. In 1941, the British reconquered British Somaliland and re-instated their sodomy laws.<ref name="ILGA" />


=== British Somali Coast Protectorate===
==Political positions==
Prior to independence from the British, the [[Section 420 of the Indian Penal Code|Indian Penal Code of 1860]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland Criminal Law|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/criminal_law.html|access-date=2021-02-03|website=www.somalilandlaw.com}}</ref> was applied in [[British Somaliland|British Somali Coast protectorate]].<ref name="penal code">[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Penal_Code_English.pdf LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO. 5 OF 16 December 1962]</ref>


=== Somali Republic ===
==Controversies==
In 1964, a new penal code came into force in the [[Somali Republic]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland Criminal Law|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/criminal_law.html|access-date=2021-02-03|website=www.somalilandlaw.com}}</ref> The code states that "Whoever has carnal intercourse with a person of the same sex shall be punished, where the act does not constitute a more serious crime, with imprisonment from three months to three years. Where the act committed is an act of lust different from carnal intercourse, the punishment imposed shall be reduced by one-third."<ref name="penal code" /> The code has since been abolished by the United Kingdom after seeing it as one of the most discriminating laws crafted by a former world power. The [[United Kingdom]] has since then legalised [[homosexuality]], [[Civil partnership in the United Kingdom|civil partnership]], and [[Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom|same-sex marriage]].<ref name="penal code" />
===Authoritarianism and corruption===


=== Somali Democratic Republic ===
==Electoral history in Hasanistan==
Under Article 409 of the Somali Penal Code introduced in 1973, sexual intercourse with a person of the same sex is punishable by imprisonment from three months to three years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Entry #485: Homosexual activity in Somalia|url=https://www.equaldex.com/log/485|access-date=2021-02-03|website=Equaldex|language=en}}</ref> An "act of lust" other than sexual intercourse is punishable by a prison term of two months to two years. Under Article 410 of the Somali Penal Code, an additional security measure may accompany sentences for homosexual acts, usually coming in the form of police surveillance to prevent "re-offending".<ref name="ILGA">{{cite web |url=http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_SSHR_2014_Eng.pdf |title=STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA |access-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020202330/http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_SSHR_2014_Eng.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/486a52e40.pdf|title=Refworld – Somalia Country Assessment|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|work=Refworld}}</ref>
{{main|Electoral history of Hasan Çakar}}
Extrajudicial executions are tolerated.<ref name="noorali">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/06/2013630131245411453.html|title=Gay Somali refugees face death threats|author=Noor Ali}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
 
!Year
=== Federal Government of Somalia ===
!Election
==== HIV/AIDS prevention ====
!colspan=2|Affiliation
Family planning services are hard to access, as is fact-based information on human sexuality. Humanitarian workers have stated that [[Islam]]ic social mores often make it difficult to publicly talk about how the virus can be spread.<ref name="data.unaids.org">{{cite web|url=http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/somalia_2008_country_progress_report_en.pdf|title=United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref> Since 1999, much of the AIDS/HIV education and care has come from international organizations such as the United Nations.<ref name="data.unaids.org" />
!Votes
 
!%
Despite this, Somalia and neighbouring Ethiopia has one of the lowest HIV infection rates on the continent.  While the estimated HIV prevalence rate in Somalia in 1987 (the first case report year) was 1% of adults,<ref name="RCTHIV">{{cite journal |journal=Archives of Iranian Medicine |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=486–497 |url=http://ams.ac.ir/AIM/07104/0012.htm |title=Religious and Cultural Traits in HIV/AIDS Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa |date=October 2007 |access-date=27 June 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413173845/http://ams.ac.ir/aim/07104/0012.pdf |archive-date=13 April 2008 |last1=Velayati |first=Ali-Akbar |last2=Bakayev |first2=Valeri |display-authors=etal}}</ref> a more recent estimate from 2007 now places it at only 0.5% of the nation's adult population.<ref name=2009factbook>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/|title=Somalia|access-date=31 May 2009|date=14 May 2009|work=[[World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref>
!Result
 
==== LGBT organizations ====
{{Expand section|date=February 2017}}
As of 2004, one group reportedly existed for LGBT people in Somalia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/world/somalia/sonews007.htm |title=Death Hangs Over Somali Queers |publisher=sodomylaws.org |date=3 May 2004 |access-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040811193107/http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/somalia/sonews007.htm |archive-date=11 August 2004 }}</ref>
 
=== Civil war ===
{{See also|Somali Civil War (2009–present)}}
In territories controlled by [[Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen]] in Somalia, the terrorist organization enacts a strict interpretation of [[shariah]] which explicitly outlaws homosexuality. The punishment for those found guilty is at a judge's discretion and may be punished by death.<ref>[https://76crimes.com/2016/02/16/report-somalia-too-risky-for-lgbt-people/ Report: Somalia too risky for LGBT people]</ref>
 
== HIV prevalence by region ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:0; border:none; align:left;"
|+The HIV prevalence in 2004 - sentinel sites of the three regional zones<ref name="data.unaids.org" />
! scope="col" | Region/Zone and Sentinel Site
! scope="col" | Number Tested
! scope="col" | Number Positive
! scope="col" | Percentage Positive
|-
| '''''Somaliland'''''
|-
| [[Hargeisa]] || 499 || 8 || 1.6
|-
| [[Berbera]] || 350 || 8 || 2.29
|-
| [[Borama]] || 362 || 4 || 1.10
|-
| [[Burco]] || 350 || 2 || 0.57
|-
| '''''Mean - Somaliland''''' || '''1561''' || '''22''' || '''1.41'''
|-
| '''''Puntland'''''
|-
| [[Bosaso]] || 324 || 3 || 0.93
|-
|[[Garowe]]|| 284 || 2 || 1.70
|-
|'''''Mean - Puntland'''''||'''897'''||'''9'''||'''1.00'''
|-
|'''''Galmudug'''''
|
|
|
|-
| [[Galkayo]] || 289 || 4 || 1.38
|-
| '''''South Central'''''
|-
|-
| [[Mogadishu]] || 1232 || 11 || 0.89
|2016
|[[2016 Hasani presidential election|Presidential election]]
|rowspan=5 style="background:#0097FE;" |
|[[Nomad Party]]
|<center>7</center>
|<center>58.3</center>
|{{yes2}}Elected
|-
|-
| [[Merca]] || 350 || 0 || 0.0
|2018
|[[2018 Hasani presidential election|Presidential election]]
|rowspan=5 | [[People's Unity Party]]
|<center>5</center>
|<center>100</center>
|{{yes2}}Elected
|-
|-
| [[Jowhar]] || 351 || 1 || 0.28
|rowspan=3|2020
|[[February_2020_Hasani_general_election#De.C3.B1izabat|Legislative election]]<br><small>([[Deñizabat]] constituency)</small>
|<center>4</center>
|<center>80</center>
|{{yes2}}Elected
|-
|-
| [[Hudur]] || 351 || 1 || 0.29
|[[November 2020 Hasani general election|Presidential election]]
|<center>7</center>
|<center>58.3</center>
|{{yes2}}Elected
|-
|-
| '''''Mean - South Central''''' || '''2165''' || '''13''' || '''0.60'''
|[[November 2020 Hasani general election|Legislative election]]
|-
|<center>4</center>
| '''''Mean - Overall''''' || '''4732''' || '''44''' || '''0.93'''
|<center>33.3</center>
|{{yes2}}Elected
|}
|}


== Living conditions ==
==Awards and decorations==
The [[U.S. Department of State]]'s 2010 Human Rights Report found that "sexual orientation was considered a gay topic, and there was no public discussion of this issue in any region of the country," and that "there were reports of societal violence or discrimination based on sexual orientation."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://paei.state.gov/documents/organization/160144.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514181849/http://paei.state.gov/documents/organization/160144.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2011}}</ref>
===Hasanistani awards and honours===
*Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Tuğrul Bey]] (23 December 2019)
*Member of the [[Order of Imam-Caliph Ali Alayhi s-Salām]] (23 December 2019)


== Summary table ==
====Hasanistani titles====
{| class="wikitable"
*Beglerbeg of [[Deñizabat]] (2 December 2019)
|-
| Same-sex sexual activity legal
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]] (Penalty: Up to three years prison in government-controlled areas)<br> [[File:Skull and crossbones.svg|15px|No]] (Penalty: Up to execution in areas controlled by [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] and in [[Jubaland]]){{cn|date=July 2020}}
|-
| Equal age of consent
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Anti-discrimination laws in employment
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech)
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Same-sex marriage
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Recognition of same-sex couples
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Step-child adoption by same-sex couples
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Joint adoption by same-sex couples
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Gays and lesbians allowed to serve openly in the military
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Right to change legal gender
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Access to IVF for lesbians
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
| [[Men who have sex with men|MSMs]] allowed to donate blood
| [[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|}


== See also ==
===Foreign awards and honours===
{{Portal|LGBT|Somalia|Transgender}}
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Karnia-Ruthenia.png}} Knight of the Order of St. Peter (1 August 2017)
* [[LGBT rights in Africa]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Konraq.png}} Knight of the [[Order of Oglun]] (24 August 2018)
* [[LGBT rights in Somaliland]]
* [[Human rights in Somalia]]
* [[Death penalty for homosexuality]]


== References ==
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
<references group=note/>


== External links ==
==References==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080513114120/http://www.afrol.com/features/10599 "Soulmates: The Price of Being Gay in Somalia" Afrol News]
{{reflist}}
*Ali, Noor. "[https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2013/07/07/gay-somali-refugees-face-death-threats/ Gay Somali refugees face death threats]." ([https://archive.today/20130827052822/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/06/2013630131245411453.html%23 Archive]) ''[[Al Jazeera]]''. 7 July 2013.
{{Africa topic|LGBT rights in}}
{{Human rights in Somalia}}
{{Somalia topics}}


[[Category:LGBT rights by country|Somalia]]
{{Notable people of Hasanistan}}
[[Category:LGBT rights in Africa|Somalia]]
{{Template:HeadsofState}}
[[Category:Law of Somalia]]
[[Category:Human rights in Somalia]]
[[Category:LGBT in Somalia]]
[[Category:LGBT in the Arab world|Somalia]]

Revision as of 06:40, 1 April 2022

Hasan Çakar
Blank portrait, male (rectangular).png
Naib-i-Şehinşah
Incumbent
Assumed office
26 April 2020
Preceded byDeñiz (as Shahanshah)
Prime Minister of Hasanistan
Incumbent
Assumed office
24 April 2020
Preceded byChase Nanatovich
In office
25 November 2019 – 20 April 2020
MonarchDeñiz (until 25 April 2020)
Preceded byShady Morsi
Succeeded byChase Nanatovich
Personal details
NationalityHasanistani
Political partyPeople's Unity Party
Former affiliations:
Known forFounder of Hasanistan
WebsitePersonal blog
Military service
Allegiance Hasanistan
Battles/wars2017 Hasani coup d'état attempt
Association football career
Playing position Utility player
(preferred defensive midfielder)
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
2013–2015 South Hasanistan 6 (67)
Total 6 (67)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only

Hasan Çakar[note 1] is a Hasani politician, writer, athlete and the founder of Hasanistan, having served as head of state and head of government of Hasanistan numerous times throughout its history. He currently holds office as Naib-i-Şehinşah (Regent of the Shahanshah), Prime Minister of Hasanistan, General Secretary of the People's Unity Party and head of the Hasanistani Turanic Society.

In addition to his involvement in Hasanistan, Çakar has been involved in various other micronations including Abelden, Akebar, Mahuset, Nedland and Pavlov.

Offices held

Political positions

Controversies

Authoritarianism and corruption

Electoral history in Hasanistan

Main article: Electoral history of Hasan Çakar
Year Election Affiliation Votes % Result
2016 Presidential election Nomad Party
7
58.3
 Elected
2018 Presidential election People's Unity Party
5
100
 Elected
2020 Legislative election
(Deñizabat constituency)
4
80
 Elected
Presidential election
7
58.3
 Elected
Legislative election
4
33.3
 Elected

Awards and decorations

Hasanistani awards and honours

Hasanistani titles

Foreign awards and honours

  • Knight of the Order of St. Peter (1 August 2017)
  • Knight of the Order of Oglun (24 August 2018)

Notes

  1. ↑ Alternatively spelt as Hasan Cakar or Hasan Chakar.

References

Retrieved from "https://wiki.hasanistan.world/hasanistanpedia/index.php?title=Hasan_Çakar&oldid=4641"